9+ Ogden Utah Events Calendar & Festivals 2024


9+ Ogden Utah Events Calendar & Festivals 2024

A group’s schedule of happenings offers residents and guests with a centralized useful resource for locating native actions. This compilation usually lists festivals, live shows, theatrical performances, farmers’ markets, sporting occasions, and different public gatherings, providing particulars similar to dates, occasions, areas, and sometimes ticket info or registration hyperlinks. A sensible instance could be an internet site or printed brochure detailing a metropolis’s summer time live performance sequence in an area park, specifying the performing artists, dates, and occasions of every live performance.

Entry to a complete native exercise schedule presents quite a few advantages. It permits people to plan their leisure time successfully, uncover new pursuits, and join with their group. Traditionally, such schedules have performed a significant function in fostering group engagement and selling native companies and organizations. From city criers saying market days to printed group newsletters, the dissemination of occasion info has all the time been essential for a thriving social setting.

Understanding the perform and worth of consolidated occasion info offers a basis for exploring the precise methods communities make the most of these assets. The following sections will delve into sensible examples, discover the assorted platforms used for dissemination, and talk about the affect of know-how on how folks entry and have interaction with native occasions.

1. Complete Occasion Listings

A very helpful group calendar hinges on complete occasion listings. This breadth of knowledge ensures residents and guests can readily uncover a variety of actions, maximizing group engagement and fostering a vibrant native scene. With out complete listings, alternatives for connection and leisure could be missed, diminishing the calendar’s general worth.

  • Number of Occasion Sorts

    A complete calendar ought to embody various choices, from artwork reveals and theatrical performances to sporting occasions, festivals, and group workshops. For instance, itemizing an area pottery class alongside knowledgeable basketball sport caters to a broader viewers. This selection transforms the calendar from a distinct segment useful resource right into a central hub for all group happenings.

  • Inclusion of all Public Occasions

    The calendar ought to attempt to incorporate all publicly accessible occasions inside the Ogden, Utah space. This consists of occasions organized by authorities entities, non-profit organizations, and personal companies. As an example, itemizing a metropolis council assembly alongside a live performance at an area venue ensures residents have entry to a full spectrum of group actions.

  • Detailed Occasion Info

    Past the occasion title, date, and time, complete listings ought to embody particulars like location, ticket costs (if relevant), target market, and phone info. Offering an internet site hyperlink or a short description additional enhances the itemizing’s utility. This detailed info empowers people to make knowledgeable selections about their participation.

  • Common Updates and Upkeep

    A static calendar shortly turns into outdated. Common updates and ongoing upkeep guarantee the knowledge stays correct and related. For instance, promptly eradicating previous occasions and including newly introduced actions maintains the calendar’s credibility and usefulness as a dependable useful resource.

These aspects of complete occasion listings contribute considerably to the general effectiveness of an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. A well-maintained and inclusive calendar turns into an indispensable device for group members and guests looking for to attach with the realm’s vibrant cultural panorama. This finally strengthens the group material and promotes native financial exercise.

2. Correct Dates and Occasions

Accuracy in date and time info represents a cornerstone of a dependable group occasions calendar for Ogden, Utah. Inaccurate info can result in missed alternatives, frustration, and a diminished belief within the calendar as a useful resource. Contemplate the affect of a misprinted time for an area theatrical efficiency; attendees arriving on the incorrect time would miss the present, experiencing disappointment and probably impacting the theatre’s income. Conversely, correct date and time knowledge empowers people to plan successfully, guaranteeing punctual arrival and maximizing enjoyment of native occasions. This precision contributes to the calendar’s general worth as a reliable group device.

The sensible significance of correct date and time info extends past particular person occasion attendance. For vacationers planning itineraries round particular occasions, correct timing is essential for maximizing their go to and contributing to the native economic system. Moreover, correct scheduling facilitates coordination between occasion organizers, minimizing conflicts and selling collaboration inside the group. For instance, guaranteeing two main occasions should not scheduled concurrently permits attendees to take part in each, enriching their expertise and supporting various native initiatives. This consideration to element reinforces the calendar’s function as a facilitator of group engagement and financial exercise.

Sustaining accuracy requires diligent repairs and verification of occasion info. Establishing direct communication channels with occasion organizers ensures immediate updates and corrections. Using digital calendar platforms with automated reminder options can additional improve accuracy and consumer comfort. Whereas challenges similar to last-minute occasion adjustments could come up, a dedication to correct date and time info stays paramount for constructing a dependable and trusted useful resource that strengthens the Ogden, Utah group. This reinforces the calendars goal as a beneficial device for each residents and guests.

3. Clear Location Info

Clear location info is crucial for the effectiveness of an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. Offering exact location particulars, together with road addresses, venue names, and landmarks, empowers people to navigate effectively to occasions. Ambiguous or incomplete location info can result in confusion, missed occasions, and frustration, undermining the calendar’s goal as a dependable useful resource. For instance, an occasion itemizing for a live performance merely stating “Ogden” presents little steerage, probably inflicting attendees to overlook the efficiency as a result of uncertainty concerning the particular venue. Conversely, a list specifying “The Eccles Theater, 2415 Washington Blvd, Ogden, UT” permits environment friendly navigation and ensures well timed arrival.

The sensible implications of clear location info lengthen past particular person occasion attendance. Exact location particulars facilitate environment friendly transportation planning, lowering visitors congestion and selling sustainable transportation choices. Clear location knowledge additionally helps accessibility for people with disabilities, enabling them to determine venues with applicable lodging. As an example, specifying wheelchair accessibility info inside the location particulars empowers people to make knowledgeable selections about occasion attendance. Moreover, clear location info advantages native companies by driving foot visitors to particular venues and surrounding areas. An occasion clearly situated inside Ogden’s historic twenty fifth Avenue district, for instance, encourages attendees to discover native outlets and eating places, contributing to financial exercise.

Challenges in offering clear location info can come up with occasions held in unconventional areas or outside venues missing particular addresses. In such circumstances, offering detailed instructions, GPS coordinates, or interactive maps inside the calendar itemizing enhances readability. Sustaining correct and up to date location info requires ongoing communication with occasion organizers and leveraging location-based applied sciences. This dedication to readability reinforces the calendar’s function as a significant device for connecting people with the colourful cultural choices of Ogden, Utah, finally strengthening group engagement and selling native financial vitality.

4. Number of Occasion Sorts

A sturdy and interesting “Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions” thrives on the range of its choices. All kinds of occasion sorts ensures the calendar caters to the various pursuits of the group and guests, maximizing engagement and fostering a vibrant native environment. A calendar solely centered on, for instance, sporting occasions, excludes important segments of the inhabitants inquisitive about arts, tradition, or group service. Conversely, a calendar showcasing a various vary of actions, from live shows and theatrical performances to farmers’ markets and workshops, attracts a broader viewers, strengthening group bonds and selling inclusivity. This selection transforms the calendar from a distinct segment useful resource right into a central hub for all group happenings.

Contemplate the sensible implications of selection. A household visiting Ogden would possibly discover a kids’s museum occasion listed alongside an area brewery’s Oktoberfest celebration, providing choices for each adults and kids. Equally, a resident inquisitive about each historical past and outside recreation would possibly uncover a historic strolling tour and a path working occasion inside the identical calendar, facilitating a richer, extra participating expertise of their group. This breadth of choices empowers people to discover new pursuits, join with like-minded people, and actively take part within the native scene. Moreover, a various calendar helps a wider vary of native companies and organizations, contributing to a extra strong and resilient native economic system. For instance, selling each an area artwork honest and a know-how convention attracts totally different demographics and helps distinct sectors of the group.

Whereas striving for selection, sustaining steadiness throughout totally different occasion classes stays essential. Over-representation of 1 kind of occasion, even when common, can alienate segments of the group and restrict the calendar’s general effectiveness. Frequently assessing group wants and soliciting suggestions ensures the calendar stays responsive and really consultant of the various pursuits inside Ogden. This dedication to selection and steadiness strengthens the calendar’s function as a significant group useful resource, fostering a vibrant and inclusive setting for all residents and guests.

5. Simple-to-use interface

A straightforward-to-use interface is essential for the effectiveness of an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. A well-designed interface ensures residents and guests can shortly and simply discover the knowledge they want, maximizing group engagement and selling occasion discoverability. A cluttered or complicated interface can deter customers, resulting in missed alternatives and diminished curiosity in native happenings. Contemplate a calendar with a fancy navigation construction and small, difficult-to-read font. Customers could wrestle to find particular occasions or dates, finally abandoning the useful resource. Conversely, a clear, intuitive interface with clear visible hierarchy and readily accessible search performance empowers customers to effortlessly discover occasions and plan their schedules. This ease of use transforms the calendar right into a beneficial group device, fostering participation and enriching native life.

The sensible significance of an easy-to-use interface extends past particular person occasion discovery. An accessible interface promotes inclusivity, guaranteeing people of various technical talents can make the most of the calendar successfully. For instance, a calendar with clear visible cues and easy navigation advantages customers with visible impairments or restricted technical expertise. Moreover, a mobile-friendly interface permits customers to entry occasion info on the go, maximizing comfort and selling spontaneous participation. Contemplate a state of affairs the place a customer to Ogden makes use of their smartphone to shortly find a close-by restaurant providing reside music. A mobile-friendly calendar interface facilitates any such spontaneous engagement, enriching the customer’s expertise and supporting native companies. An intuitive interface additionally streamlines occasion submission processes, encouraging group members and organizations to contribute to the calendar’s comprehensiveness. This fosters a way of collective possession and strengthens group bonds.

Growing an easy-to-use interface requires cautious consideration of consumer expertise rules. Using clear visible design, intuitive navigation, and strong search performance enhances usability. Common usability testing and soliciting consumer suggestions additional refine the interface, guaranteeing it stays aligned with group wants. Whereas design preferences could fluctuate, prioritizing readability, accessibility, and ease of use ensures the calendar stays a beneficial useful resource for all members of the Ogden, Utah group. This dedication to consumer expertise finally maximizes engagement, promotes occasion discoverability, and strengthens the group’s vibrant cultural panorama.

6. Common Updates

Sustaining present info by means of common updates is paramount for the efficacy of an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. An outdated calendar loses its worth as a dependable group useful resource, resulting in missed alternatives and frustration. Common updates make sure the calendar precisely displays the dynamic nature of group happenings, fostering belief and inspiring constant utilization.

  • Timeliness of Info

    Common updates guarantee occasion particulars stay present, reflecting any adjustments in dates, occasions, areas, or different essential info. As an example, if an area competition reschedules as a result of inclement climate, a promptly up to date calendar prevents attendees from arriving on the unsuitable time or date. This timeliness strengthens the calendar’s credibility and reinforces its function as a reliable supply of knowledge.

  • Addition of New Occasions

    Group calendars should persistently incorporate newly scheduled occasions to stay complete and related. As new live shows, festivals, or workshops are deliberate, their immediate addition to the calendar ensures most visibility and group participation. With out common updates, these occasions danger being ignored, probably limiting their affect and attain. For instance, a newly opened artwork gallery internet hosting a gap reception would profit from being listed promptly, attracting a wider viewers.

  • Removing of Previous Occasions

    Frequently eradicating previous occasions maintains the calendar’s readability and prevents consumer confusion. An outdated calendar cluttered with previous occasions turns into tough to navigate, diminishing its usability. Eradicating previous occasions ensures customers can readily concentrate on upcoming alternatives, maximizing the calendar’s effectiveness as a planning device. This prevents customers from encountering outdated info and enhances the general consumer expertise.

  • Frequency of Updates

    The frequency of updates ought to align with the tempo of group occasions. In a vibrant group with frequent occasions, every day or much more frequent updates could be mandatory. In areas with fewer occasions, weekly updates would possibly suffice. Figuring out the suitable replace frequency ensures the calendar stays present with out overwhelming customers with extreme notifications. This steadiness maintains a dynamic but manageable circulation of knowledge, maximizing the calendars utility for the group.

These aspects of normal updates contribute considerably to the general effectiveness of an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. A persistently up to date calendar turns into an indispensable device for group members and guests, fostering engagement and enriching the native expertise. By precisely reflecting the dynamic pulse of the group, a recurrently up to date calendar strengthens its function as a significant connector between people and the colourful cultural panorama of Ogden.

7. Group Engagement

Group engagement represents an important end result and driving pressure behind a profitable Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. A well-utilized calendar fosters a stronger sense of group by facilitating connections, selling shared experiences, and offering a platform for various teams to work together. With out energetic group engagement, the calendar dangers turning into a static repository of knowledge reasonably than a dynamic device for constructing social connections and enriching native life.

  • Elevated Participation in Native Occasions

    A readily accessible and complete calendar will increase consciousness and participation in native occasions. When people can simply uncover and plan attendance, occasions draw bigger crowds, fostering a way of shared expertise and strengthening group bonds. For instance, a well-publicized group live performance on the calendar would possibly entice residents who in any other case wouldn’t have identified concerning the occasion, fostering new connections and a shared appreciation for native expertise.

  • Facilitated Communication and Info Sharing

    The calendar can function a central communication hub for group organizations and occasion organizers. Bulletins, updates, and requires volunteers could be disseminated effectively, fostering higher transparency and enabling broader group participation. A neighborhood non-profit group, as an illustration, can make the most of the calendar to announce volunteer alternatives for an upcoming charity occasion, reaching a wider viewers and strengthening its reference to the group.

  • Platform for Discovering Shared Pursuits

    By showcasing a various vary of occasions, the calendar facilitates the invention of shared pursuits and the formation of latest social teams. People inquisitive about particular hobbies, actions, or causes can join with like-minded people by means of occasions listed on the calendar. For instance, a calendar itemizing for an area mountaineering group’s weekly outings would possibly join people with a shared ardour for outside recreation, fostering new friendships and a way of belonging.

  • Enhanced Civic Participation and Native Pleasure

    A complete calendar that features civic occasions like city corridor conferences and group boards promotes civic participation and fosters a way of native satisfaction. Elevated consciousness and accessibility of those occasions encourages residents to interact in native governance and contribute to group decision-making. Itemizing alternatives for group enter on native improvement initiatives, as an illustration, can empower residents to form their setting and strengthen their connection to Ogden.

These aspects of group engagement spotlight the integral function an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions performs in fostering a vibrant and linked group. By facilitating participation, communication, and the invention of shared pursuits, the calendar turns into a dynamic device for strengthening social bonds, selling native satisfaction, and enriching the lives of all residents. The calendar’s success is finally measured by the extent of group engagement it generates, remodeling it from a easy info repository right into a catalyst for optimistic group improvement.

8. Accessibility Options

Accessibility options inside an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions are essential for guaranteeing inclusivity and equitable entry to group happenings. These options empower people with disabilities to interact totally with the calendar and take part in native occasions, fostering a really welcoming and consultant group expertise. With out cautious consideration of accessibility, the calendar dangers excluding segments of the inhabitants, diminishing its general worth and affect.

  • Different Textual content for Photographs

    Different textual content (alt textual content) offers textual descriptions of pictures for customers who’re visually impaired or use display screen readers. Within the context of an Ogden occasion calendar, alt textual content ought to describe occasion logos, venue images, or different visible components. For instance, alt textual content for a picture of the Ogden Amphitheater would possibly learn “Out of doors amphitheater with stage and seating dealing with the Ogden River.” This permits display screen reader customers to grasp the context and content material of the picture, guaranteeing equal entry to info.

  • Keyboard Navigation

    Full keyboard navigation permits customers who can’t use a mouse to entry all calendar functionalities. This consists of navigating by means of dates, occasion listings, and interactive components utilizing the tab key and different keyboard instructions. For people with motor impairments, keyboard navigation is crucial for unbiased calendar utilization. Making certain all interactive components, similar to hyperlinks and buttons, are accessible through keyboard ensures full participation for all customers.

  • Captions and Transcripts for Movies

    If the calendar incorporates promotional movies for occasions, offering captions and transcripts ensures accessibility for people who’re deaf or onerous of listening to. Captions show the spoken phrases in a video, whereas transcripts present a written document of your entire audio content material. For instance, a video selling an area music competition ought to embody captions for bulletins of performers and occasion particulars. This ensures people who can’t hear the audio can nonetheless entry the knowledge conveyed within the video.

  • Accessible Colour Distinction

    Ample colour distinction between textual content and background ensures readability for people with low imaginative and prescient. Utilizing colours with excessive distinction, similar to black textual content on a white background, or using colour mixtures that meet accessibility tips enhances readability and minimizes eye pressure. For customers with visible impairments, satisfactory colour distinction is crucial for accessing and comprehending calendar info. Implementing accessible colour schemes throughout your entire calendar interface promotes inclusivity and ensures a optimistic consumer expertise for everybody.

By incorporating these accessibility options, the Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions demonstrates a dedication to inclusivity and ensures all group members can entry and profit from its assets. A very accessible calendar strengthens the group material by fostering participation from people of all talents, enriching the general cultural panorama and selling a extra equitable and welcoming setting for everybody in Ogden.

9. Native Enterprise Promotion

Native enterprise promotion represents a big profit derived from a well-managed Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions. The calendar offers a platform for showcasing native companies, driving foot visitors, and stimulating financial exercise inside the group. A thoughtfully curated calendar strategically connects companies with potential prospects, fostering financial development and strengthening the native enterprise ecosystem. With out this platform, native companies would possibly miss alternatives to achieve a wider viewers, probably hindering their development and impacting the general financial vitality of the group.

  • Focused Occasion Sponsorship Alternatives

    The calendar can facilitate focused occasion sponsorship alternatives, connecting companies with occasions that align with their goal demographics. A neighborhood sporting items retailer, as an illustration, would possibly sponsor a group working race, reaching an viewers inquisitive about athletic pursuits. This focused strategy maximizes the return on funding for sponsors and strengthens the connection between companies and related group occasions.

  • Enhanced Visibility for Native Institutions

    That includes native companies inside occasion listings enhances their visibility inside the group. When an occasion itemizing for a live performance at an area venue features a hyperlink to the venue’s web site or social media web page, it drives visitors and will increase consciousness of the institution. This elevated visibility can translate to higher buyer engagement and finally contribute to the enterprise’s success. For instance, a espresso store internet hosting a poetry slam would possibly expertise elevated patronage because of its outstanding placement on the calendar.

  • Promotion of Particular Gives and Reductions

    The calendar can function a platform for selling particular presents and reductions provided by native companies, incentivizing group members to patronize these institutions. A restaurant, for instance, would possibly provide a reduction to people who current a ticket stub from an area theatre efficiency listed on the calendar. This cross-promotion advantages each the restaurant and the theatre, driving visitors to each institutions and stimulating financial exercise.

  • Facilitated Group Partnerships and Collaborations

    The calendar can foster group partnerships and collaborations between native companies. By connecting companies with shared pursuits or complementary providers, the calendar can facilitate joint advertising efforts and cross-promotional actions. For instance, an area bakery would possibly companion with a close-by florist to supply a mixed bundle for particular events, promoted by means of the calendar. This collaborative strategy leverages the strengths of every enterprise and strengthens the general enterprise group.

These aspects of native enterprise promotion display the numerous function an Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions performs in supporting the native economic system. By facilitating focused sponsorship alternatives, enhancing visibility, selling particular presents, and fostering collaborations, the calendar acts as a catalyst for financial development and strengthens the connection between companies and the group they serve. This interconnectedness contributes to a extra vibrant and resilient native economic system, benefiting each companies and the group as a complete.

Steadily Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning entry to and utilization of Ogden, Utah’s occasion calendar assets.

Query 1: The place can one discover a complete calendar of occasions for Ogden, Utah?

Official metropolis web sites, native tourism bureaus, and community-focused on-line platforms typically present complete occasion calendars. Chamber of Commerce web sites and devoted occasion itemizing web sites particular to Ogden can also function beneficial assets.

Query 2: How continuously are these calendars usually up to date?

Replace frequency varies relying on the platform and the dynamism of the native occasion scene. Some calendars replace every day, whereas others replace weekly or month-to-month. Checking the precise platform for replace frequency info is really helpful.

Query 3: Can native companies or organizations submit their occasions to those calendars?

Many group calendars provide occasion submission options. Particular tips and procedures for submitting occasions can usually be discovered on the respective calendar platforms.

Query 4: Are these calendars accessible to people with disabilities?

Calendars dedicated to accessibility typically incorporate options like different textual content for pictures, keyboard navigation, and captions for movies. Checking particular person platforms for particular accessibility options is really helpful.

Query 5: How can one make sure the accuracy of occasion info discovered on these calendars?

Whereas calendar directors attempt for accuracy, verifying info straight with occasion organizers by means of their offered contact info stays greatest apply. This direct verification minimizes potential discrepancies and ensures correct planning.

Query 6: What forms of occasions are usually listed on these calendars?

Ogden occasion calendars usually characteristic a various vary of occasions, encompassing arts and tradition performances, group festivals, sporting occasions, instructional workshops, and civic gatherings. This breadth of choices ensures there’s something for everybody.

Accessing and using a dependable occasion calendar contributes considerably to experiencing the colourful cultural panorama of Ogden.

For additional exploration, the next part presents a deeper dive into particular examples and case research of profitable group calendar implementations.

Suggestions for Using Native Occasion Calendars

Maximizing group engagement and private enjoyment of native occasions requires efficient use of occasion calendar assets. The next ideas present steerage for navigating and using these beneficial instruments.

Tip 1: Subscribe to Notifications:

Many digital calendars provide notification options, permitting customers to obtain alerts about upcoming occasions of curiosity. Subscribing to related classes, similar to “live shows” or “festivals,” ensures well timed reminders and reduces the chance of lacking desired occasions. This proactive strategy retains people knowledgeable about related happenings with out requiring fixed handbook checking of the calendar.

Tip 2: Discover Numerous Classes:

Occasion calendars typically categorize occasions by kind, permitting customers to discover particular areas of curiosity. Actively looking various classes, even these exterior one’s standard preferences, can result in the invention of latest and enriching experiences. As an example, exploring the “group workshops” class would possibly reveal a beneficial skill-building alternative.

Tip 3: Make the most of Search Performance:

Most digital calendars provide strong search performance. Using key phrases associated to particular pursuits, dates, or areas permits for environment friendly filtering of occasions. Trying to find “outside actions,” for instance, shortly identifies related occasions amidst a broader calendar itemizing.

Tip 4: Confirm Occasion Particulars:

Whereas calendars attempt for accuracy, verifying occasion particulars straight with organizers by means of offered contact info stays prudent. This confirms accuracy concerning dates, occasions, areas, and any potential adjustments. Direct verification minimizes potential disruptions and ensures correct planning.

Tip 5: Plan Forward:

Particularly for common occasions, planning forward and securing tickets or making reservations is usually advisable. Checking the calendar nicely prematurely permits for well timed preparations, avoiding potential disappointment as a result of sold-out occasions or totally booked venues.

Tip 6: Contemplate Transportation and Parking:

When planning occasion attendance, contemplating transportation logistics and parking preparations enhances the general expertise. Checking for public transportation choices or pre-purchasing parking passes minimizes potential delays and stress.

Tip 7: Share Occasions with Others:

Many calendars provide social sharing options, facilitating the unfold of details about fascinating occasions. Sharing occasions with associates, household, or social networks expands group engagement and enhances shared experiences.

By implementing the following tips, people can successfully navigate and make the most of native occasion calendars, maximizing group engagement and enriching their expertise of native happenings. These methods guarantee environment friendly occasion discovery, correct planning, and finally, higher enjoyment of the colourful cultural panorama.

In conclusion, the exploration of group occasion assets reveals their essential function in connecting people with native experiences. The ultimate part summarizes the important thing takeaways and reinforces the worth of participating with these assets.

Conclusion

Exploration of group occasion assets reveals their essential function in connecting people with native experiences. Entry to a complete and correct Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions empowers residents and guests to interact with the group’s vibrant cultural panorama. Key points similar to complete listings, correct date and time info, clear location particulars, a wide range of occasion sorts, an easy-to-use interface, common updates, group engagement, accessibility options, and native enterprise promotion contribute to the effectiveness and worth of such assets. These components mix to create a robust device for fostering group connection, selling native financial exercise, and enriching the lives of residents and guests alike.

The Ogden, Utah calendar of occasions serves as a significant hub for group engagement and data dissemination. Its efficient utilization strengthens group bonds, helps native companies, and promotes a vibrant cultural scene. Lively engagement with these assets contributes considerably to a thriving group and enriches the collective expertise of Ogden, Utah. Continued improvement and refinement of those assets will additional improve their optimistic affect on the group.